The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. Established on January 28, 1950, it serves as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution and the primary guarantor of citizens’ fundamental rights.
Composition & Location:
- Location: Operating out of the Supreme Court Building on Tilak Marg in New Delhi.
- Judges: Comprises the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and a sanctioned maximum of 33 other judges. Judges retire upon reaching the age of 65.
- Benches: Judges sit in division benches (2–3 judges) or constitution benches (5 or more judges) for cases involving substantial questions of law.
Powers & Jurisdiction:
The Court holds vast authority, often cited as one of the most powerful courts globally. Its jurisdiction is generally classified into four categories:
- Original: Exclusive authority to resolve disputes between the Union Government and States, or between different States, as well as handling cases enforcing fundamental rights.
- Appellate: The highest court of appeal for all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters decided by state High Courts.
- Advisory: The President of India can seek the Court’s opinion on questions of law or public Link –https://www.sci.gov.in/